Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. The sun rises in the east.
2. He is writing a letter.
3. They have finished the project.
4. We were playing chess.
5. She will visit her aunt.
6. The train had left early.
7. I am learning grammar.
8. Birds fly high.
9. My father reads the newspaper.
10. They will be watching the match.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. He usually _______ (go) to school by bus.
2. Look! The dog _______ (bark).
3. I _______ (not see) her today.
4. When I arrived, she _______ (sleep).
5. By next year, I _______ (complete) my course.
6. If it rains, we _______ (stay) indoors.
7. The postman _______ (deliver) the letter yesterday.
8. She _______ (work) here since 2021.
9. Water _______ (boil) at 100°C.
10. He _______ (win) the race last week.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. He go to school daily.
2. I has completed my homework.
3. They was making a lot of noise.
4. She did not went to the market.
5. We have living here since 2015.
6. The children is playing outside.
7. He will goes to Mumbai tomorrow.
8. I had ate my lunch before he came.
9. She sings good.
10. Does he knows the answer?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: He writes a letter.
2. Change to Present Continuous: They play football.
3. Change to Negative: She likes ice cream.
4. Change to Interrogative: He went to the park.
5. Change to Future Perfect: I will finish the work.
6. Change to Active: The cake was eaten by him.
7. Change to Past Perfect: The train left.
8. Change to Negative: We have won the match.
9. Change to Interrogative: They are coming today.
10. Change to Simple Past: She sings a song.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. The moon shines at night.
2. She is painting a pot.
3. We have visited the fort.
4. They were discussing the plan.
5. He will attend the meeting.
6. The film had started early.
7. I am learning to dance.
8. Dogs bark at strangers.
9. My mother cooks delicious food.
10. We will be travelling tomorrow.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. She rarely _______ (drink) tea.
2. Listen! Someone _______ (knock).
3. They _______ (live) here since 2010.
4. While I was reading, he _______ (watch) TV.
5. By tomorrow evening, she _______ (reach) home.
6. If you work hard, you _______ (pass).
7. The package _______ (arrive) yesterday.
8. I _______ (wait) for you for two hours.
9. The earth _______ (revolve) around the sun.
10. The baby _______ (cry) a lot last night.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. She write well.
2. They has gone to the park.
3. He were reading a book.
4. I did not saw him.
5. We has been waiting for long.
6. The boy are running fast.
7. They will comes tomorrow.
8. She had wrote a letter.
9. He dances beautiful.
10. Do she like apples?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: She sings a song.
2. Change to Present Continuous: We watch TV.
3. Change to Negative: He loves chocolate.
4. Change to Interrogative: They played well.
5. Change to Future Perfect: She will write the letter.
6. Change to Active: The book was read by her.
7. Change to Past Perfect: The bell rang.
8. Change to Negative: He has bought a car.
9. Change to Interrogative: We are leaving now.
10. Change to Simple Past: They build a house.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. Stars twinkle at night.
2. He is driving a scooter.
3. She has baked a cake.
4. I was sleeping when it rang.
5. They will buy a house.
6. We had eaten before guests arrived.
7. You are studying English.
8. Cats hate water.
9. The teacher explains clearly.
10. She will be singing at the event.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. He never _______ (tell) a lie.
2. Hush! The baby _______ (sleep).
3. We _______ (know) him for years.
4. When I saw him, he _______ (run).
5. By next month, they _______ (build) the bridge.
6. If she calls, I _______ (answer).
7. The train _______ (leave) an hour ago.
8. He _______ (study) since morning.
9. Ice _______ (melt) in heat.
10. They _______ (win) the match yesterday.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. He play cricket.
2. We has finished the work.
3. I was went to the market.
4. She did not ate anything.
5. They have been play since 2 PM.
6. The girls is singing.
7. He will went home.
8. I had see him earlier.
9. She speak softly.
10. Does they play here?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: He drinks milk.
2. Change to Present Continuous: I read a book.
3. Change to Negative: They play hockey.
4. Change to Interrogative: She cooked food.
5. Change to Future Perfect: He will buy a car.
6. Change to Active: The window was broken by him.
7. Change to Past Perfect: I finished my homework.
8. Change to Negative: She has seen the Taj.
9. Change to Interrogative: He is going home.
10. Change to Simple Past: I write a letter.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. Rivers flow to the sea.
2. They are building a tower.
3. I have lost my keys.
4. She was crying loudly.
5. He will call you tonight.
6. The patient had died before the doctor arrived.
7. We are listening to music.
8. Lions hunt in groups.
9. The mechanic repairs the car.
10. I will be waiting for you.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. She often _______ (visit) her grandparents.
2. Watch out! The car _______ (come).
3. He _______ (be) ill since Tuesday.
4. While they _______ (play), it started raining.
5. By 2026, I _______ (graduate).
6. If he runs fast, he _______ (win).
7. She _______ (meet) me last week.
8. They _______ (practice) for three hours.
9. Oil _______ (float) on water.
10. We _______ (see) a movie yesterday.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. They goes to school.
2. She have a new pen.
3. He were very happy.
4. I did not spoke to him.
5. He have been sleeping all day.
6. The birds is flying.
7. We will played together.
8. They had go to the zoo.
9. He run fast.
10. Does you know him?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: They catch the thief.
2. Change to Present Continuous: She sings a song.
3. Change to Negative: We like pizza.
4. Change to Interrogative: They won the match.
5. Change to Future Perfect: I will write the essay.
6. Change to Active: The letter was sent by him.
7. Change to Past Perfect: She bought a dress.
8. Change to Negative: I have done my work.
9. Change to Interrogative: They are eating lunch.
10. Change to Simple Past: He catches the ball.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. The wind blows strongly.
2. I am drinking milk.
3. She has finished her chores.
4. They were jumping on the bed.
5. We will start the project.
6. He had slept early.
7. You are writing neatly.
8. Fish live in water.
9. The gardener waters the plants.
10. She will be reading a book.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. He _______ (brush) his teeth twice a day.
2. Look! The bird _______ (fly).
3. I _______ (read) this book already.
4. When she called, I _______ (cook).
5. By next week, they _______ (leave).
6. If you study, you _______ (succeed).
7. He _______ (buy) a pen yesterday.
8. We _______ (wait) since 4 PM.
9. Wood _______ (float) on water.
10. She _______ (dance) well last night.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. He write good.
2. I has a problem.
3. They was running.
4. She did not came.
5. We has been studying.
6. The dog are barking.
7. He will comes soon.
8. I had write the letter.
9. She walk slowly.
10. Does he likes tea?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: I eat an apple.
2. Change to Continuous: They run fast.
3. Change to Negative: She speaks English.
4. Change to Interrogative: He played well.
5. Change to Future Perfect: We will go home.
6. Change to Active: A song was sung by her.
7. Change to Past Perfect: I saw him.
8. Change to Negative: They have left.
9. Change to Interrogative: She is sleeping.
10. Change to Simple Past: I buy a book.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. The clock strikes twelve.
2. He is sweeping the floor.
3. We have seen that movie.
4. I was writing a poem.
5. They will sing a song.
6. The sun had set.
7. She is drawing a map.
8. Cows eat grass.
9. The peon rings the bell.
10. He will be running tomorrow.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. She _______ (go) for a walk daily.
2. See! The monkey _______ (jump).
3. They _______ (arrive) just now.
4. While I was eating, he _______ (arrive).
5. By evening, I _______ (finish) it.
6. If she tries, she _______ (win).
7. We _______ (visit) the zoo yesterday.
8. He _______ (work) since morning.
9. Magnets _______ (attract) iron.
10. They _______ (shout) loudly yesterday.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. She sing sweetly.
2. We has won.
3. He were late.
4. They did not went.
5. I have been wait.
6. The cats is sleeping.
7. She will goes.
8. He had ate.
9. They plays football.
10. Does she knows?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: He drives a car.
2. Change to Continuous: She writes.
3. Change to Negative: I like milk.
4. Change to Interrogative: They slept early.
5. Change to Future Perfect: She will call.
6. Change to Active: The match was won by us.
7. Change to Past Perfect: He ran fast.
8. Change to Negative: We have eaten.
9. Change to Interrogative: They are playing.
10. Change to Simple Past: She brings water.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. The stars shine at night.
2. She is cutting vegetables.
3. He has broken the glass.
4. We were sitting in the park.
5. I will help you.
6. They had gone out.
7. You are speaking too fast.
8. Children love toys.
9. My brother drives a taxi.
10. We will be studying later.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. He _______ (play) chess on Sundays.
2. Listen! The choir _______ (sing).
3. I _______ (find) my wallet.
4. When she came, I _______ (study).
5. By Monday, he _______ (submit) the report.
6. If it snows, we _______ (stay) inside.
7. She _______ (drop) the plate yesterday.
8. They _______ (live) here for a year.
9. Plants _______ (need) water to grow.
10. He _______ (smile) at me yesterday.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. He walk to the park.
2. They has a big house.
3. I were very sad.
4. She did not spoke.
5. He have been reading.
6. The books is heavy.
7. We will saw him.
8. I had wrote a poem.
9. She run fast.
10. Does they agree?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: She paints a wall.
2. Change to Continuous: He reads.
3. Change to Negative: They play cards.
4. Change to Interrogative: She cried.
5. Change to Future Perfect: I will finish.
6. Change to Active: The food was cooked by him.
7. Change to Past Perfect: I saw a movie.
8. Change to Negative: She has gone.
9. Change to Interrogative: We are leaving.
10. Change to Simple Past: He catches fish.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. The river flows down the mountain.
2. He is repairing his bicycle.
3. They have built a new hospital.
4. We were walking in the forest.
5. She will participate in the debate.
6. The thieves had escaped before the police arrived.
7. I am watching a documentary.
8. Snakes crawl on the ground.
9. The pilot flies the airplane smoothly.
10. We will be swimming in the pool.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. My father always _______ (read) books before bed.
2. Look! The children _______ (hide) behind the tree.
3. She _______ (not visit) her uncle yet.
4. While I was studying, my brother _______ (play) loud music.
5. By next week, we _______ (complete) the assignment.
6. If he apologises, I _______ (forgive) him.
7. The postman _______ (deliver) the parcel yesterday.
8. They _______ (wait) at the station for three hours.
9. Wood _______ (burn) easily.
10. The boy _______ (jump) over the fence yesterday.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. My brother go to college.
2. They has brought some sweets.
3. She were painting a scenery.
4. He did not asked any questions.
5. We has been sitting here since noon.
6. The cows is grazing in the field.
7. She will comes to my house.
8. I had drink all the juice.
9. He write very fast.
10. Does they know the route?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: The gardener waters the plants.
2. Change to Present Continuous: I write a story.
3. Change to Negative: She speaks French fluently.
4. Change to Interrogative: They found the lost keys.
5. Change to Future Perfect: He will finish his meal.
6. Change to Active: The homework was completed by them.
7. Change to Past Perfect: The movie started.
8. Change to Negative: We have met the principal.
9. Change to Interrogative: She is baking a pie.
10. Change to Simple Past: He catches the train.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. The baker bakes fresh bread.
2. She is watering the roses.
3. He has cleaned his room.
4. They were cheering for their team.
5. I will bring the snacks tomorrow.
6. The sun had risen before we woke up.
7. You are looking very tired.
8. Tigers live in the jungle.
9. The principal delivers a speech.
10. She will be dancing on the stage.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. He _______ (drink) a glass of milk daily.
2. Keep quiet! The baby _______ (sleep) right now.
3. We _______ (know) each other since childhood.
4. When the power went out, I _______ (watch) a movie.
5. By next month, she _______ (save) enough money.
6. If you press this button, the machine _______ (start).
7. They _______ (buy) a new house last year.
8. He _______ (work) on this project since January.
9. Ice _______ (melt) when heated.
10. She _______ (drop) her phone yesterday.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. The teacher explain the lesson.
2. We has played a great match.
3. I was went to the library.
4. They did not believed me.
5. She have been crying for an hour.
6. The stars is shining brightly.
7. He will brought the book tomorrow.
8. I had take the medicine.
9. She dance gracefully.
10. Does you like to read?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: He drives the school bus.
2. Change to Present Continuous: They plant trees.
3. Change to Negative: I enjoy classical music.
4. Change to Interrogative: She locked the door.
5. Change to Future Perfect: They will repair the road.
6. Change to Active: The song was sung by him.
7. Change to Past Perfect: I finished my lunch.
8. Change to Negative: He has bought a ticket.
9. Change to Interrogative: We are going to the market.
10. Change to Simple Past: She rings the bell.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. The clock ticks loudly.
2. They are painting the fence.
3. She has cooked a delicious meal.
4. I was waiting at the bus stop.
5. We will visit the museum on Sunday.
6. The guests had left before the storm started.
7. He is solving a math problem.
8. Dolphins swim in the ocean.
9. My uncle runs a grocery store.
10. I will be travelling to London.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. She always _______ (carry) an umbrella.
2. Hurry up! The bus _______ (leave).
3. I _______ (see) that movie three times.
4. While she was cooking, he _______ (clean) the room.
5. By evening, they _______ (reach) the village.
6. If it is sunny, we _______ (go) out.
7. He _______ (forget) his wallet at home yesterday.
8. We _______ (practice) yoga since 6 AM.
9. The earth _______ (revolve) around the sun.
10. The birds _______ (fly) away yesterday.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. He play the guitar well.
2. They has a lot of work.
3. She were very kind.
4. I did not knew the answer.
5. He have been sleeping on the couch.
6. The flowers is blooming.
7. We will played football.
8. They had go to the market.
9. He run very fast.
10. Does we need to go?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: The cat drinks the milk.
2. Change to Present Continuous: She writes a poem.
3. Change to Negative: We like to swim.
4. Change to Interrogative: They won the prize.
5. Change to Future Perfect: I will read the book.
6. Change to Active: The letter was written by her.
7. Change to Past Perfect: She bought a car.
8. Change to Negative: I have done the assignment.
9. Change to Interrogative: They are eating fruits.
10. Change to Simple Past: He catches the thief.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. The wind blows cold air.
2. I am drinking hot coffee.
3. She has finished her drawing.
4. They were jumping in the puddles.
5. We will start the new chapter tomorrow.
6. He had slept before the movie ended.
7. You are writing beautifully.
8. Turtles live for many years.
9. The gardener trims the bushes.
10. She will be reading a magazine.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. He _______ (comb) his hair neatly.
2. Look! The eagle _______ (fly) high.
3. I _______ (read) this article today.
4. When she called, I _______ (rest).
5. By next week, they _______ (shift) to their new house.
6. If you practice, you _______ (improve).
7. He _______ (buy) a laptop last week.
8. We _______ (talk) since 4 PM.
9. Honey _______ (be) sweet.
10. She _______ (dance) well at the party.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. He write good essays.
2. I has a new bicycle.
3. They was running in the park.
4. She did not came to the party.
5. We has been studying for exams.
6. The dog are barking at the stranger.
7. He will comes back soon.
8. I had write the essay.
9. She walk very slowly.
10. Does he likes cold coffee?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: I eat a sandwich.
2. Change to Continuous: They run fast.
3. Change to Negative: She speaks German.
4. Change to Interrogative: He played the flute.
5. Change to Future Perfect: We will reach home.
6. Change to Active: A song was sung by him.
7. Change to Past Perfect: I saw the accident.
8. Change to Negative: They have left the building.
9. Change to Interrogative: She is sleeping on the bed.
10. Change to Simple Past: I buy a newspaper.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. The bell rings at 7 AM.
2. He is polishing his shoes.
3. She has prepared breakfast.
4. We were talking quietly.
5. I will meet you tomorrow.
6. They had finished the test early.
7. You are speaking very clearly.
8. Bees make honey.
9. The coach trains the team.
10. We will be waiting at the gate.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. He _______ (polish) his bicycle every Sunday.
2. Look! The kite _______ (fly) high.
3. I _______ (finish) my homework already.
4. When she arrived, we _______ (play).
5. By next month, I _______ (submit) the project.
6. If you call him, he _______ (reply).
7. She _______ (lose) her wallet yesterday.
8. They _______ (wait) for you since morning.
9. Glass _______ (break) easily.
10. He _______ (paint) the wall yesterday.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. He go to tuition.
2. They has completed the work.
3. She were writing a story.
4. I did not knew him.
5. We have been wait for long.
6. The boys is shouting.
7. He will comes back soon.
8. I had ate my dinner.
9. She speak politely.
10. Does they understand?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: He opens the door.
2. Change to Present Continuous: She reads a book.
3. Change to Negative: They like sweet dishes.
4. Change to Interrogative: He solved the sum.
5. Change to Future Perfect: I will complete the form.
6. Change to Active: The prize was won by him.
7. Change to Past Perfect: The show started.
8. Change to Negative: She has taken the test.
9. Change to Interrogative: We are walking now.
10. Change to Simple Past: He catches the bus.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. The bell rings loudly.
2. He is washing the dishes.
3. We have watched the news.
4. I was writing a letter to my friend.
5. They will perform on stage.
6. The sun had set completely.
7. She is drawing a portrait.
8. Goats eat grass.
9. The guard locks the gate.
10. He will be jogging tomorrow morning.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. She _______ (go) for a swim daily.
2. See! The cat _______ (jump) over the wall.
3. They _______ (arrive) safely.
4. While I was eating, my friend _______ (arrive).
5. By evening, I _______ (complete) my work.
6. If she studies hard, she _______ (top) the class.
7. We _______ (visit) the museum yesterday.
8. He _______ (work) continuously since morning.
9. Magnets _______ (attract) iron.
10. They _______ (cheer) loudly yesterday.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. She sing sweetly in the choir.
2. We has won the competition.
3. He were late for school.
4. They did not went to the market.
5. I have been wait for him.
6. The cats is sleeping on the mat.
7. She will goes to the mall.
8. He had ate all the cookies.
9. They plays football every evening.
10. Does she knows the truth?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: He drives a red car.
2. Change to Continuous: She writes a blog.
3. Change to Negative: I like cold drinks.
4. Change to Interrogative: They slept early last night.
5. Change to Future Perfect: She will call me.
6. Change to Active: The match was won by our team.
7. Change to Past Perfect: He ran very fast.
8. Change to Negative: We have eaten our lunch.
9. Change to Interrogative: They are playing chess.
10. Change to Simple Past: She brings a glass of water.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. The train arrives at noon.
2. He is fixing the fan.
3. She has washed the dishes.
4. We were reading silently.
5. I will complete the form.
6. They had left the room.
7. You are learning quickly.
8. Deer run fast.
9. The nurse checks the patient.
10. We will be standing in line.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. He _______ (visit) his cousin every month.
2. Look! The frog _______ (jump).
3. I _______ (write) the letter already.
4. When the bell rang, we _______ (study).
5. By next week, he _______ (submit) the file.
6. If she asks, I _______ (explain).
7. We _______ (buy) vegetables yesterday.
8. They _______ (wait) since 5 PM.
9. Water _______ (freeze) in winter.
10. He _______ (break) the glass yesterday.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. He go to office daily.
2. They has completed the work.
3. She were speaking loudly.
4. I did not saw the movie.
5. We have been wait for you.
6. The boys is laughing.
7. He will comes home soon.
8. I had ate my breakfast.
9. She write neatly.
10. Does they know the answer?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: He opens the window.
2. Change to Present Continuous: She cooks dinner.
3. Change to Negative: They like mangoes.
4. Change to Interrogative: He finished his work.
5. Change to Future Perfect: We will reach there.
6. Change to Active: The song was sung by her.
7. Change to Past Perfect: I met my teacher.
8. Change to Negative: She has seen the movie.
9. Change to Interrogative: We are waiting outside.
10. Change to Simple Past: He catches the ball.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. The moon shines brightly.
2. She is slicing the cake.
3. He has fixed the computer.
4. We were sitting near the lake.
5. I will assist you with the project.
6. They had gone to the market before I arrived.
7. You are speaking very softly.
8. Children enjoy playing games.
9. My sister drives a blue car.
10. We will be preparing for the test.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. He _______ (play) badminton on Sundays.
2. Listen! The birds _______ (chirp) outside.
3. I _______ (find) my lost watch.
4. When she came, I _______ (read) a comic.
5. By Monday, he _______ (submit) the assignment.
6. If it snows, we _______ (make) a snowman.
7. She _______ (drop) the glass yesterday.
8. They _______ (live) in this city for five years.
9. Plants _______ (need) sunlight to grow.
10. He _______ (smile) when he saw me yesterday.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. He walk to the station every day.
2. They has a big garden.
3. I were very tired after the journey.
4. She did not spoke to anyone.
5. He have been reading a novel.
6. The books is very heavy.
7. We will saw him at the party.
8. I had wrote a beautiful poem.
9. She run fast in the race.
10. Does they agree with the plan?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: She paints the wall blue.
2. Change to Continuous: He reads the newspaper.
3. Change to Negative: They play cards on weekends.
4. Change to Interrogative: She cried loudly.
5. Change to Future Perfect: I will finish the homework.
6. Change to Active: The food was cooked by my mother.
7. Change to Past Perfect: I saw an interesting movie.
8. Change to Negative: She has gone to the store.
9. Change to Interrogative: We are leaving tomorrow.
10. Change to Simple Past: He catches a big fish.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. The engine roars loudly.
2. She is arranging the flowers.
3. He has solved the puzzle.
4. We were listening to the radio.
5. I will buy a new dress.
6. They had finished lunch when I called.
7. You are looking very smart today.
8. Monkeys climb trees easily.
9. My mother bakes delicious cookies.
10. We will be waiting for the bus.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. He _______ (visit) the library every Saturday.
2. Look! The dog _______ (chase) the cat.
3. I _______ (hear) the news already.
4. When it started raining, I _______ (walk) in the park.
5. By tomorrow, he _______ (fix) the car.
6. If you ask him, he _______ (help) you.
7. She _______ (break) the vase yesterday.
8. They _______ (work) here for ten years.
9. Water _______ (freeze) at zero degrees.
10. He _______ (laugh) at the joke yesterday.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. He talk too much in class.
2. They has many friends here.
3. I were happy to see her.
4. She did not took the money.
5. He have been trying for hours.
6. The bags is full of books.
7. We will met him later.
8. I had see that movie before.
9. She write beautifully.
10. Does they know the rules?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: He kicks the ball hard.
2. Change to Continuous: She sings a beautiful melody.
3. Change to Negative: They like spicy food.
4. Change to Interrogative: He laughed out loud.
5. Change to Future Perfect: I will complete the painting.
6. Change to Active: The letter was sent by post.
7. Change to Past Perfect: I met my old friend.
8. Change to Negative: She has baked a cake.
9. Change to Interrogative: They are working hard.
10. Change to Simple Past: He throws the stone.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. The stars twinkle in the night sky.
2. He is driving a tractor.
3. She has planted a mango tree.
4. I was dreaming about flying.
5. They will construct a new bridge.
6. We had eaten all the sandwiches.
7. You are studying science.
8. Cats fear dogs.
9. The professor explains the theory.
10. She will be performing tomorrow.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. He rarely _______ (speak) English at home.
2. Quiet! The students _______ (take) an exam.
3. We _______ (visit) the Taj Mahal twice.
4. When I arrived, he _______ (sleep) deeply.
5. By next year, they _______ (open) a new branch.
6. If she calls, I _______ (inform) you.
7. The train _______ (depart) late yesterday.
8. He _______ (prepare) for exams since morning.
9. Oil _______ (float) on water always.
10. They _______ (lose) the match last week.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. He play cricket very well.
2. We has finished our project.
3. I was went to the cinema.
4. She did not ate her breakfast.
5. They have been play since morning.
6. The girls is singing a chorus.
7. He will went to school.
8. I had see him in the market.
9. She speak very softly.
10. Does they play here daily?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: He drinks fresh juice.
2. Change to Present Continuous: I read a comic.
3. Change to Negative: They play basketball.
4. Change to Interrogative: She cooked dinner.
5. Change to Future Perfect: He will buy a scooter.
6. Change to Active: The glass was broken by him.
7. Change to Past Perfect: I finished my lunch.
8. Change to Negative: She has seen the Red Fort.
9. Change to Interrogative: He is going to the park.
10. Change to Simple Past: I write an email.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. Rivers flow towards the ocean.
2. They are building a block tower.
3. I have lost my identity card.
4. She was weeping softly.
5. He will ring you up later.
6. The patient had recovered before the doctor came.
7. We are listening to the news.
8. Lions hunt at night.
9. The electrician repairs the fan.
10. I will be waiting for your reply.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. She frequently _______ (visit) the art gallery.
2. Watch out! A truck _______ (come) this way.
3. He _______ (be) sick since Monday.
4. While they _______ (argue), it started raining.
5. By 2026, I _______ (complete) my degree.
6. If he runs fast, he _______ (catch) the bus.
7. She _______ (meet) my mother last week.
8. They _______ (rehearse) for three hours.
9. Cork _______ (float) on water.
10. We _______ (watch) a play yesterday.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. They goes to the temple daily.
2. She have a beautiful dress.
3. He were very excited today.
4. I did not spoke to the manager.
5. He have been sleeping all afternoon.
6. The birds is flying high.
7. We will played a board game.
8. They had go to the museum.
9. He run very fast in races.
10. Does you know the principal?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: They catch the mouse.
2. Change to Present Continuous: She sings a lullaby.
3. Change to Negative: We like burgers.
4. Change to Interrogative: They won the tournament.
5. Change to Future Perfect: I will write the article.
6. Change to Active: The parcel was sent by her.
7. Change to Past Perfect: She bought a new purse.
8. Change to Negative: I have done my duty.
9. Change to Interrogative: They are eating breakfast.
10. Change to Simple Past: He catches the frisbee.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. The breeze blows gently.
2. I am drinking cold water.
3. She has finished her homework.
4. They were skipping rope in the yard.
5. We will start the experiment.
6. He had slept early yesterday.
7. You are writing very neatly.
8. Fish breathe in water.
9. The watchman guards the building.
10. She will be reading a novel.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. He _______ (wash) his hands before meals.
2. Look! The airplane _______ (take off).
3. I _______ (read) this chapter already.
4. When she arrived, I _______ (cook) dinner.
5. By next week, they _______ (leave) for Mumbai.
6. If you study hard, you _______ (pass) the exam.
7. He _______ (buy) a new shirt yesterday.
8. We _______ (wait) for the train since 4 PM.
9. A ship _______ (float) on water.
10. She _______ (dance) gracefully last night.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. He write good poems.
2. I has a math problem.
3. They was running on the track.
4. She did not came to school.
5. We has been studying science.
6. The dog are barking loudly.
7. He will comes back tomorrow.
8. I had write the application.
9. She walk very slowly.
10. Does he likes green tea?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: I eat an orange.
2. Change to Continuous: They run on the ground.
3. Change to Negative: She speaks fluent English.
4. Change to Interrogative: He played the guitar.
5. Change to Future Perfect: We will go to the market.
6. Change to Active: A song was sung by my sister.
7. Change to Past Perfect: I saw the rainbow.
8. Change to Negative: They have left the room.
9. Change to Interrogative: She is sleeping now.
10. Change to Simple Past: I buy a ticket.

Section A: Identify Verb and Tense (10 Marks)

1. The airplane flies high.
2. She is making tea.
3. He has bought a new phone.
4. We were watching a movie.
5. I will write the code.
6. They had left the party.
7. You are learning grammar.
8. Babies cry when hungry.
9. The mechanic fixed the bike.
10. We will be playing chess.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 Marks)

1. He _______ (watch) TV every night.
2. Look! The train _______ (arrive).
3. I _______ (know) the answer.
4. When the lights went out, I _______ (read).
5. By next year, I _______ (graduate).
6. If it rains, we _______ (cancel) the trip.
7. She _______ (find) her keys yesterday.
8. They _______ (live) here for ten years.
9. The sun _______ (set) in the west.
10. He _______ (laugh) loudly yesterday.

Section C: Error Correction (10 Marks)

1. He go home early.
2. They has a car.
3. I were sleeping.
4. She did not went.
5. He have been studying.
6. The dogs is barking.
7. We will comes.
8. I had eat my lunch.
9. She talk loudly.
10. Does you understand?

Section D: Transformation (10 Marks)

1. Change to Passive: He threw the ball.
2. Change to Continuous: She runs.
3. Change to Negative: They like coffee.
4. Change to Interrogative: He laughed.
5. Change to Future Perfect: I will complete the task.
6. Change to Active: The cake was cut by her.
7. Change to Past Perfect: I met him.
8. Change to Negative: She has sung a song.
9. Change to Interrogative: They are working.
10. Change to Simple Past: He throws the ball.

Chapter: Subject–Verb Agreement

Concord of Subject and Verb in English Sentences

For Classes IX & X — CBSE Board English Grammar

1. Introduction

Language is a system governed by rules. Just as the rules of arithmetic ensure that calculations produce correct results, the rules of grammar ensure that sentences convey meaning accurately, clearly, and without ambiguity. Among the most fundamental of these grammatical rules is the principle of agreement — the requirement that certain words in a sentence must match each other in specific grammatical features.

In English grammar, the most important form of agreement is Subject–Verb Agreement, also known as Concord. It states that the verb in a sentence must agree with its subject in number (singular or plural) and person (first, second, or third). This principle is the backbone of correct sentence construction.

Consider the following pair of sentences:

• “The boy plays cricket.” — ✔ Correct
• “The boy play cricket.” — ✘ Incorrect

In the first sentence, the singular subject “boy” is correctly matched with the singular verb “plays.” In the second, the mismatch between a singular subject and a plural verb form creates a grammatical error. This error — a violation of subject–verb agreement — is one of the most common mistakes students make, and one of the most frequently tested topics in CBSE board examinations.

The difficulty arises not from the basic rule itself, which is simple, but from the many complex sentence structures in English where the true subject is hidden, modified, or separated from its verb by other words. A student who masters only the basic rule but ignores the detailed rules and exceptions will inevitably make errors. Therefore, this chapter provides a systematic, comprehensive, and rule-by-rule study of subject–verb agreement, covering every standard pattern that appears in academic usage and examination questions.

Mastering this chapter will not only help you score well in grammar-based questions in your CBSE examinations — including gap-filling, editing, error-correction, and sentence-transformation tasks — but will also improve the overall quality and correctness of your spoken and written English.

2. Learning Objectives

After a thorough study of this chapter, you will be able to:

• Define subject–verb agreement and explain the concepts of number and person.
• State and apply the basic rule: singular subjects take singular verbs; plural subjects take plural verbs.
• Apply all detailed rules of agreement for compound subjects, collective nouns, indefinite pronouns, fractions, inverted sentences, relative pronouns, and other special structures.
• Identify and correct errors in subject–verb agreement in sentences and passages.
• Distinguish between tricky and misleading subjects that often cause wrong agreement.
• Solve CBSE board-level MCQs, fill-in-the-blanks, editing, and sentence-correction exercises with accuracy and confidence.

3. The Core Concept: Understanding Agreement

3.1 What Is Subject–Verb Agreement?

Subject–Verb Agreement is the grammatical principle that states: a verb must agree with its subject in number and person. This means the form of the verb must change to match whether the subject is singular or plural, and whether it is in the first, second, or third person.

3.2 Understanding Number

Number refers to whether a noun, pronoun, or verb is singular (referring to one) or plural (referring to more than one).

3.3 Understanding Person

3.4 The Crucial Point About Verb Forms

A common source of confusion for students is the opposite behaviour of -s/-es for nouns versus verbs:

3.5 Verb Forms of “Be,” “Have,” and “Do”

The most common verbs in English — be, have, do — have special forms that must be carefully matched with their subjects:

4. The Basic Rule

Examples:

This basic rule is the foundation. However, real English sentences are seldom this simple. The subject may be compound, collective, indefinite, inverted, or separated from the verb by long phrases. The rest of this chapter addresses every such situation in detail.

5. Detailed Rules of Subject–Verb Agreement

The following rules cover every major pattern of subject–verb agreement that students encounter in CBSE examinations and in academic English. Study each rule carefully, understand the logic behind it, and practise the examples.

Rule 1: Compound Subjects Joined by “AND”

Rule Statement: When two or more subjects are joined by “and,” they form a compound subject and usually take a plural verb, as together they refer to more than one entity.

Examples:

1. Ravi and Mohan are best friends. — (Two persons → plural)
2. The teacher and the principal have arrived.
3. Gold and silver are precious metals.
4. Honesty and integrity make a person trustworthy.

Exception 1: When “and” Joins Words Referring to the Same Person or Thing

If two nouns joined by “and” refer to the same person, same thing, or a single idea, the subject is treated as singular and takes a singular verb.

1. The Principal and Chairman has resigned. — (One person who holds both posts; note the single article “The”)
2. Bread and butter is his usual breakfast. — (A single dish considered as one unit)
3. Rice and dal is a staple food in India. — (One combined meal)
4. Slow and steady wins the race. — (A single proverbial concept)
5. The poet and philosopher is no more. — (Same person is both poet and philosopher)

Exception 2: When “Each” or “Every” Precedes the Compound Subject

When “each” or “every” comes before subjects joined by “and,” the verb is singular, because the emphasis is on each individual separately.

1. Each boy and each girl was given a certificate.
2. Every man, woman, and child needs clean water.
3. Every student and every teacher has been informed.

Rule 2: Subjects Joined by “OR” or “NOR”

Rule Statement: When two or more subjects are joined by “or” or “nor,” the verb agrees with the subject nearest to the verb. This is called the Proximity Rule or the Rule of the Nearest Subject.

Examples:

1. Ravi or his brothers are at fault. — (Nearest subject: “brothers” → plural verb)
2. His brothers or Ravi is at fault. — (Nearest subject: “Ravi” → singular verb)
3. Neither the boy nor his parents were at home. — (Nearest: “parents” → plural)
4. Neither the parents nor the boy was at home. — (Nearest: “boy” → singular)

Rule 3: Either…Or / Neither…Nor

Rule Statement: In “either…or” and “neither…nor” constructions, the verb agrees with the subject nearest to the verb (proximity rule, same as Rule 2).

Examples:

1. Either the captain or the players have to take responsibility. — (Nearest: “players” → plural)
2. Either the players or the captain has to take responsibility. — (Nearest: “captain” → singular)
3. Neither she nor her friends are coming. — (Nearest: “friends” → plural)
4. Either you or I am mistaken. — (Nearest: “I” → first person singular verb)
5. Either I or you are mistaken. — (Nearest: “you” → verb “are”)

Rule 4: Intervening Phrases — “Together with,” “As well as,” “Along with,” etc.

Rule Statement: When the subject is followed by phrases such as together with, along with, as well as, in addition to, accompanied by, besides, like, unlike, including, excluding, no less than, rather than, with, the verb agrees with the original subject only. These phrases do not change the number of the subject.

Examples:

1. The teacher, along with her students, has gone on a field trip. — (Subject: “teacher” → singular)
2. Rani, as well as her sisters, was invited. — (Subject: “Rani” → singular)
3. The captain, together with the players, is on the ground.
4. The Prime Minister, accompanied by his ministers, has arrived.
5. The bouquet of roses was beautiful. — (Subject: “bouquet,” not “roses”)
6. The quality of the mangoes is excellent. — (Subject: “quality,” not “mangoes”)
7. Mohan, besides his friends, was present at the ceremony.

Rule 5: Collective Nouns

Rule Statement: A collective noun — a noun that refers to a group of individuals as a single unit — takes a singular verb when the group acts as one body, and a plural verb when the members act individually or are divided.

Common collective nouns: team, class, committee, family, army, audience, jury, crowd, flock, herd, group, government, staff, public, mob, council, crew, choir, band, gang, bunch, fleet.

Singular Verb — Group Acting as One:

1. The committee has taken its decision.
2. The class is very disciplined.
3. The team has won the match.
4. The jury has announced the verdict.
5. The audience was spellbound.

Plural Verb — Members Acting Individually:

1. The committee are divided in their opinions.
2. The jury were unable to agree among themselves.
3. The family have gone to their respective rooms.
4. The team are arguing over the strategy.

Rule 6: Indefinite Pronouns

Indefinite pronouns do not refer to specific persons or things. They follow special agreement rules based on their category.

6A: Always Singular Indefinite Pronouns

The following indefinite pronouns are always singular and take singular verbs:

each  |  every  |  everyone  |  everybody  |  everything  |  someone  |  somebody  |  something  |  anyone  |  anybody  |  anything  |  no one  |  nobody  |  nothing  |  one  |  either  |  neither

1. Each of the boys has done his homework.
2. Everyone in the class is present.
3. Nobody knows the truth.
4. Somebody has stolen my pen.
5. Everything was in order.
6. One of the windows is broken.
7. Neither of the answers is correct.

6B: Always Plural Indefinite Pronouns

both  |  few  |  many  |  several  |  others

1. Both of them are talented.
2. Many were called, but few were chosen.
3. Several of the pages are torn.

6C: Singular or Plural — Depending on Context

some  |  any  |  all  |  most  |  none

These pronouns take a singular verb if they refer to an uncountable noun, and a plural verb if they refer to a countable plural noun.

1. Some of the milk has gone bad. — (milk = uncountable → singular)
2. Some of the books have been sold. — (books = countable plural → plural)
3. All of the work is complete. — (work = uncountable → singular)
4. All the students have passed. — (students = plural → plural)
5. Most of the food was wasted. — (food = uncountable → singular)
6. Most of the players were injured. — (players = plural → plural)
7. None of the water is clean. — (water = uncountable → singular)
8. None of the answers are correct. — (answers = plural → plural)

Rule 7: “A Number of” vs. “The Number of”

Rule Statement:

• “A number of” means “many” → takes a plural verb.
• “The number of” means “the total count” → takes a singular verb.

Examples:

1. A number of students were absent today. — (= Many students → plural)
2. The number of students in the school has increased. — (= The count → singular)
3. A number of complaints have been received.
4. The number of accidents is alarming.

Rule 8: Uncountable Nouns and Nouns That Look Plural but Are Singular

8A: Uncountable Nouns — Always Singular

Uncountable nouns (also called mass nouns) cannot be counted individually. They are always treated as singular.

Common uncountable nouns: water, milk, bread, information, news, furniture, luggage, baggage, advice, equipment, homework, scenery, poetry, machinery, stationery, crockery, knowledge, hair, music, traffic.

1. The furniture is very old.
2. His luggage has been checked.
3. Information has been shared with all departments.
4. The scenery is breathtaking.

8B: Nouns Ending in “-s” but Singular in Meaning

Some nouns end in -s and appear plural but are actually singular and take singular verbs.

Such nouns include: news, mathematics, physics, economics, politics (as a subject), ethics (as a field), civics, linguistics, measles, mumps, rickets, billiards, draughts, innings, gymnastics, athletics (as a discipline).

1. Mathematics is my favourite subject.
2. The news was shocking.
3. Physics requires a lot of practice.
4. Measles is a contagious disease.
5. The first innings was excellent.

8C: Nouns That Are Always Plural

Certain nouns exist only in the plural form and always take plural verbs:

Examples: scissors, trousers, spectacles, pliers, tongs, binoculars, shorts, jeans, pyjamas, pants, goods, proceeds, wages, riches, alms, thanks, congratulations, premises, outskirts, stairs.

1. The scissors are on the table.
2. His trousers are torn.
3. My spectacles have been misplaced.
4. The proceeds of the sale were donated to charity.

Note: When such nouns are preceded by “a pair of,” the subject becomes “pair” (singular), and the verb is singular:

• A pair of scissors is needed.
• This pair of trousers was expensive.

Rule 9: Titles, Names of Books, and Names of Subjects

Rule Statement: Titles of books, films, organisations, and names of countries (even if they appear plural) are treated as singular and take a singular verb, because they refer to one entity.

1. “The Arabian Nights” is a famous collection of stories.
2. “Gulliver’s Travels” is written by Jonathan Swift.
3. The United States is a powerful nation.
4. The United Nations has its headquarters in New York.
5. “Three Men in a Boat” is an amusing novel.

Rule 10: Distance, Time, Money, and Weight as Singular Units

Rule Statement: When expressions of distance, time, money, or weight refer to a single unit or a lump sum, they are treated as singular and take a singular verb.

1. Five kilometres is a long distance to walk.
2. Ten years is a long time to wait.
3. Two hundred rupees is not a large amount.
4. Fifty kilograms is too heavy for a child to carry.
5. Three hours was the time allowed for the examination.
6. A thousand dollars is what he earns each month.

However: When such expressions refer to individual units rather than a collective quantity, they take a plural verb:

• Five rupees were lying on the floor. — (Individual coins)
• Ten years have passed since we last met. — (Individual years passing separately)

Rule 11: Fractions and Percentages

Rule Statement: When the subject is a fraction or percentage, the verb agrees with the noun in the “of” phrase that follows.

1. Half of the cake has been eaten. — (cake = singular → singular verb)
2. Half of the students have left. — (students = plural → plural verb)
3. Two-thirds of the work is complete. — (work = uncountable → singular)
4. Two-thirds of the books have been sold. — (books = plural → plural)
5. Fifty percent of the population is literate. — (population = singular → singular)
6. Forty percent of the employees were absent. — (employees = plural → plural)

Rule 12: Inverted Sentences — “There is / There are”

Rule Statement: In sentences beginning with “There” or “Here,” the subject comes after the verb. The verb must agree with the real subject that follows it, not with the introductory word “There/Here.”

1. There is a book on the table. — (Real subject: “a book” → singular)
2. There are many books on the table. — (Real subject: “many books” → plural)
3. Here comes the bus. — (Real subject: “the bus” → singular)
4. There was a strange noise last night.
5. There were several errors in the essay.
6. There is a lot of traffic on this road. — (traffic = uncountable → singular)
7. There are a lot of cars on this road. — (cars = plural → plural)

Rule 13: Relative Pronouns — “Who,” “Which,” “That”

Rule Statement: When a relative pronoun (who, which, that) is the subject of a relative clause, the verb in the clause agrees with the antecedent (the noun that the pronoun refers to).

1. It is I who am to blame. — (Antecedent of “who” = “I” → verb: “am”)
2. It is the students who are responsible. — (Antecedent: “students” → plural verb)
3. She is one of those girls who work very hard. — (Antecedent: “girls” → plural)
4. This is the book that was recommended by the teacher. — (Antecedent: “book” → singular)
5. He is the only one of the students who has scored full marks. — (Antecedent: “one” → singular. The phrase “the only one” changes the antecedent.)

Rule 14: Gerund or Infinitive as Subject

Rule Statement: When a gerund (verb + -ing used as a noun) or an infinitive (to + verb) functions as the subject of a sentence, it is treated as singular and takes a singular verb.

1. Swimming is a good exercise.
2. Reading books improves vocabulary.
3. To err is human.
4. Walking in the morning keeps us healthy.
5. Telling lies is a bad habit.

Rule 15: “Not only…but also” and “Not…but”

Rule Statement: In constructions using “not only…but also” or “not…but,” the verb agrees with the subject nearest to the verb (proximity rule).

1. Not only the students but also the teacher was surprised. — (Nearest: “teacher” → singular)
2. Not only the teacher but also the students were surprised. — (Nearest: “students” → plural)
3. Not the boys but the girl has won the prize.

Rule 16: “A Lot of,” “Plenty of,” “A Great Deal of,” “Lots of”

Rule Statement: These expressions follow the same principle as fractions — the verb agrees with the noun that follows “of.”

1. A lot of water has been wasted. — (water = uncountable → singular)
2. A lot of people were present. — (people = plural → plural)
3. Plenty of food is available. — (food = uncountable → singular)
4. Plenty of chairs are available. — (chairs = plural → plural)
5. A great deal of effort has been put in. — (effort = uncountable → singular)

6. Special Cases and Exceptions

6.1 “Many a” / “More than one”

Although these expressions convey a plural idea, they are followed by a singular noun and take a singular verb.

1. Many a student has failed in this exam.
2. More than one person was injured in the accident.
3. Many a time I have warned him.

6.2 “One of” + Plural Noun

“One of” is always followed by a plural noun, but the subject is “one” (singular), so the verb is singular.

1. One of the boys was absent.
2. One of these books belongs to me.
3. One of my friends lives in Chennai.

6.3 The Noun “People”

“People” (meaning persons) is always plural:

• People are kind. ✔
• People is kind. ✘

But “a people” (meaning a nation or ethnic group) can be singular: “The Indian people are diverse.”

6.4 “The poor,” “The rich,” “The old,” “The young”

When adjectives are used with “the” to refer to a class of people, they are treated as plural:

1. The poor need our help.
2. The old deserve respect.
3. The rich are not always happy.

6.5 Mathematical Expressions

In arithmetic sentences, the verb is typically singular because the result is a single quantity:

1. Two and two makes four.
2. Five times five is twenty-five.

6.6 “The + Adjective + Noun” vs. “The + Adjective” (as noun)

Do not confuse singular nouns modified by adjectives with adjectival nouns:

• The tall boy is my brother. → (singular noun → singular verb)
• The tall are often good at basketball. → (adjectival noun = a class of people → plural verb)

7. Common Errors in Subject–Verb Agreement

The following are the most frequently observed errors among students. Study each one carefully and understand the correction.

8. Quick Reference: All Rules at a Glance

9. Practice Exercises

Exercise A: Choose the Correct Verb (MCQ Type)

Select the correct verb form from the options given in brackets.

1. The list of items (is / are) posted on the notice board.
2. Neither the teacher nor the students (was / were) aware of the change.
3. Each of the participants (has / have) been given a certificate.
4. The team (is / are) celebrating its victory.
5. Mathematics (is / are) not everyone’s favourite subject.
6. “Gulliver’s Travels” (is / are) written by Jonathan Swift.
7. A number of houses (was / were) damaged in the flood.
8. The number of visitors (has / have) increased this year.
9. Either you or he (has / have) done it.
10. Bread and butter (is / are) his usual breakfast.
11. The news of the earthquake (was / were) alarming.
12. There (is / are) several reasons for the delay.
13. Fifty percent of the work (has / have) been completed.
14. One of the windows (is / are) broken.
15. The poor (needs / need) our help.

Exercise B: Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Verb Form

Fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb given in brackets.

1. Neither of the two answers __________ correct. (is / are)
2. The furniture in the drawing room __________ very expensive. (is / are)
3. The poet and philosopher __________ no more. (is / are)
4. Everyone in the class __________ completed the assignment. (has / have)
5. Ram, as well as his friends, __________ going to the picnic. (is / are)
6. Five hundred rupees __________ a fair price for this book. (is / are)
7. Many a student __________ failed in this examination. (has / have)
8. Both of them __________ qualified for the scholarship. (has / have)
9. Half of the oranges __________ rotten. (was / were)
10. Swimming __________ an excellent exercise. (is / are)
11. Every boy and every girl __________ given a book. (was / were)
12. The scissors __________ on the table. (is / are)
13. None of the milk __________ left in the bottle. (is / are)
14. Neither she nor her parents __________ present at the meeting. (was / were)
15. A lot of damage __________ been done by the cyclone. (has / have)

Exercise C: Error Correction

Each sentence contains one error in subject–verb agreement. Identify the error, underline it, and rewrite the corrected sentence.

1. The quality of the mangoes are not satisfactory.
2. There is many problems to solve in this worksheet.
3. Neither the principal nor the teachers has agreed to the proposal.
4. Each of the girls have been given a certificate.
5. The United States are a powerful country.
6. Slow and steady win the race.
7. A number of complaints has been received by the office.
8. Everybody know the answer to this question.
9. The committee have reached a unanimous decision.
10. Ten kilometres are not a very long distance for him.
11. The furniture in all the rooms are old and damaged.
12. His trouser is torn at the knee.
13. The poet and the philosopher are dead. (One person)
14. None of the information given to us were accurate.
15. It is the students who has made this mistake.

Exercise D: Mixed Practice — MCQs (Exam-Style)

Q1. “The jury __________ unable to reach a unanimous verdict.” Fill in with the correct option:

(a) was    (b) were    (c) has    (d) have

Q2. Choose the correct sentence:

(a) Neither of the boys have come.
(b) Neither of the boys has come.
(c) Neither of the boys are come.
(d) Neither of the boys having come.

Q3. “The captain, along with his teammates, __________ left for the tournament.”

(a) have    (b) are    (c) has    (d) were

Q4. Identify the incorrect sentence:

(a) A number of trees were cut down.
(b) The number of trees have decreased.
(c) Everyone has been informed.
(d) The news is shocking.

Q5. “Two-thirds of the students __________ passed the examination.”

(a) has    (b) is    (c) have    (d) was

Q6. “Every man, woman, and child __________ the right to safety.”

(a) have    (b) has    (c) are having    (d) were having

Q7. “Not only the players but also the coach __________ disappointed.”

(a) were    (b) are    (c) was    (d) have been

Q8. “One of the girls who __________ selected is my cousin.”

(a) was    (b) were    (c) is    (d) has

Q9. “Either I or my brothers __________ going to the market.”

(a) am    (b) is    (c) are    (d) was

Q10. “The scissors on the table __________ mine.”

(a) is    (b) was    (c) are    (d) has been

10. Answer Key with Explanations

Exercise A: Answers

Exercise B: Answers

Exercise C: Answers

Exercise D: MCQ Answers

11. Chapter Summary

Subject–Verb Agreement is the grammatical rule that requires a verb to match its subject in number and person. It is one of the most fundamental principles of correct English sentence construction and one of the most frequently tested topics in CBSE examinations.

The essential points to remember are:

• A singular subject takes a singular verb; a plural subject takes a plural verb.
• Subjects joined by “and” usually take a plural verb, except when they refer to the same person/thing or a single idea.
• With “or,” “nor,” “either…or,” “neither…nor,” “not only…but also,” the verb agrees with the nearest subject.
• Phrases like “along with,” “as well as,” “together with” do not change the number of the subject.
• Collective nouns take singular verbs when acting as a unit; plural when acting individually.
• Indefinite pronouns like each, everyone, nobody are always singular. Both, few, many, several are always plural. Some, all, most, none depend on the noun they refer to.
• “A number of” takes a plural verb; “The number of” takes a singular verb.
• Uncountable nouns, subject names ending in -s, titles of books, and news are singular.
• Distance, time, and money as single units take singular verbs.
• In inverted sentences (there is/are), the verb agrees with the real subject that follows.
• With relative pronouns, the verb agrees with the antecedent.
• Gerunds and infinitives as subjects take singular verbs.

Chapter: Subject–Verb Agreement — A Comprehensive Study for CBSE Classes IX & X

End of Chapter